The emergence of a pandemic in 1992 was caused by an unknown serogroup of V. cholerae of the O1 serogroup, and the disease was largely confined to Asia and Africa.
Throughout most of the twentieth century, cholera was caused by V. cholerae manifests the most fatal disease known as cholera gravis. The cholera toxin-producing (CT-producing) V. The severity and fatality of the disease depend on the strain of Vibrio. If the patient remains untreated, they become progressively weaker, sometimes to the point of death, within 12–24 h of the onset of symptoms. The subsequent loss of fluid volume causes a drop in blood pressure and circulatory shock. The emergence of new, virulent, drug-resistant strains of Vibrio is the main cause of protracted outbreaks leading to high fatality rates. Other members of the species may occasionally cause isolated outbreaks of milder diarrhea, whereas others-the vast majority-are free-living and not associated with disease. cholerae is a facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative bacilli, which possess the characteristic feature of darting motility under wet-mound preparations. cholerae) which can also cause mild or unapparent infections. The causative agent of this water-borne disease belongs to certain members of the species Vibrio cholerae (V. Cholera, also known as “blue death” is a potentially epidemic and life-threatening secretory diarrhea characterized by numerous voluminous watery stools, often accompanied by vomiting and resulting in hypovolemic shock and acidosis.
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